Penetration of monsoonal water vapour into arid central Asia during the Holocene: An isotopic perspective

Monsoonal water vapour transport is an active component of the hydrological cycle, which has a profound influence on regional climate changes. This study explored how far can East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to west during Holocene using published speleothem oxygen isotope (?18O) records inferred from modern analogues precipitation ?18O in season (May September) at mid-latitudes. Modern analyses suggest that there are two pathways arid central Asia season: westerly and monsoonal easterly transport. Westerly North Atlantic Arctic Oceans associated with 18O-depleted vapour, while tropical Indian Ocean, South China Sea, 18O-enriched vapour. The mixture these dominates May September. difference between southern Urals reflects penetration into Asia. Speleothem Kesang Cave Tianshan Mountains Kinderlinskaya were therefore selected indicate Holocene. Their differences prominent transported early Holocene, 8.2 ka BP event late when EASM was very weak. results could be least as (?81.75° E) under weak conditions rather than previously supposed strong conditions. Although amount relatively less compared it cannot neglected because this source plays important role changes its season.